Artigo de pneumonia

development of pneumonia caused by the usual CAP pathogens.This chapter deals with pneumonia in patients who are not considered to be immunocompromised. Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is discussed in other chapters, including Chaps. 82, 126, and 182. | PathophysiologyPneumonia results from the proliferation of microbial pathogens at the alveolar level and the host's response to those pathogens. Microorganisms gain access to the lower respiratory tract in several ways. The most common is by aspiration from the oropharynx. Small-volume aspiration occurs frequently during sleep (especially in the elderly) and in patients with decreased levels of consciousness. Many pathogens are inhaled as contaminated droplets. Rarely, pneumonia occurs via hematogenous spread (e.g., from tricuspid endocarditis) or by contiguous extension from an infected pleural or mediastinal space.Mechanical factors are critically important in host defense. The hairs and turbinates of the nares catch larger inhaled particles before they reach the lower respiratory tract, and the branching architecture of the tracheobronchial tree traps particles on the airway lining, where mucociliary clearance and local antibacterial factors either clear or kill the potential pathogen. The gag reflex and the cough mechanism offer critical protection from aspiration. In addition, the normal flora adhering to mucosal cells of the oropharynx, whose components are remarkably constant, prevents pathogenic…

auto-somal form; allergic broncho-pumonary aspergil­losis ABPC antibody-producing cell ABPE acute bovine pulmonary edema ABPM ambulatory blood pressure mon­ itoring ABPMR American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ABPS American Board of Physician Specialties; American Board of Plastic Sur­ gery; American Board of Podiatric Surgery ABQ attitude behavior questionnaire ABR abortus Bang ring [test]; absolute bed rest; American Board of Radiology; arterial…

aerial acrobatics: acrobacia aérea aerial barrage: barragem de balões de proteção aerial bombing: bombardeio aéreo aerial camera: máquina de fotografia aérea Page | 24 Military Dictionary English-Portuguese Latin aerial combat: combate aéreo aerial delivery container: bolsa pára-quedas para lançamento de material aerial gas spray: aspergimento de gases, dispersão por aeronave aerial gunner: metralhador-aviador aerial gunnery:…

............................129 Cardiac Anesthesia ......................................................................................................173 Cardiopulmonary Bypass.............................................................................................227 Myocardial Protection .................................................................................................263 Admission to the ICU and Monitoring Techniques…

Ross MG. Problems with intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring interpretation and patient management. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jun;101(6):1355-6. Thacker SB, Stroup DF. Continuous electronic heart rate monitoring for fetal assessment during labor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000063. Williams KP, Galerneau F. Fetal heart rate parameters predictive of neonatal outcome in the presence of a prolonged deceleration. Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Nov;100(5 Pt 1):951-4. Williams KP, Galerneau…

the case of girls, amenorrhea, disrupting the menstrual cycle for at least three months. By the complexity of eating disorders, their treatment is multidisciplinary, covering a professional team composed of doctors, psychologists and dietitians. Through the cognitive-behavioral therapy a program is used to treat anorexic patients with techniques aim at an increasing adherence to treatment, weight gain, decreased frequency of physical activities increase of self-esteem and prevention…

construction in nursing (4th ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange. Waltz, C.F., Strickland, O.L., & Lenz, E.R. (2005). Measurement in nursing and health sciences research (3rd ed.). New York: Springer. Welton, J.M. & Halloran, E.J. (2005). Nursing diagnoses, diagnosis-related groups, and hospital outcomes. Journal of Nursing Administration, 35, 541-549. Westmoreland, D., Wesorick, B., Hanson, D., & Wyngarden, K. (2000). Consensus validation of clinical practice model practice guidelines.…

patients should lie supine with their arms by their sides. Superficial abdominal reflexes are lost in a number of circumstances: normal old age obesity after abdominal surgery after multiple pregnancies in acute abdominal disorders (Rosenbach’s sign). However, absence of all superficial abdominal reflexes may be of localizing value for corticospinal pathway damage (upper motor neurone lesions) above T6. Lesions at or below T10 lead to selective loss of the lower reflexes with…

reception, recipience acolchado : quilting acolchar : upholster acólito : acolyte acometer : assault, attack acometida : enterprise, attempt acometividad : argumentativeness Spanish−english Dictionary 19 Spanish−english (dictionnaire) acomodable : adaptive, flexible acomodación : accommodation acomodador : mediator acomodadora : usherette acomodamiento : descendants, agreement, to deviate acomodar : accommodate, adapt, adjust, fit acomodo : employment acomodo : accomodation…

passo para uma adequada avaliação.(13,14) Fisiopatologia e avaliação do paciente com dor • 71 A despeito do elevado número de instrumentos disponíveis, nenhum é considerado ideal para avaliação da dor neonatal.(15) Além disso, a maioria objetiva avaliar a dor resultante de procedimentos; poucos são específicos para avaliar a dor PO. Os principais exemplos são: CRIES (Cry, Requires oxygen saturation, Increased vital signs, Expression, Sleeplessness), específica para neonatos;(16)…