Resumo linguistica aplicada cook brown

COOK:

Conversation Analysis
Ethnomethodologists: because they (-ists) set out to discover what methods (-methodolog) people (-ethno) use to participate in and make sense of the interaction. * Local level – not seeing discourse as large structures * Bottom up strategy – From the smallest units first * Discourse as a developing process – instead of a finished product

Turn-taking
Conversation involves turn-taking and that the end of one speaker’s turn and the beginning of the next’s frequency latch on to each other with almost perfection and Split-second timing (Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson 1974)
Overlap:
* 5 per cent of conversation or less; * it carries significance.
Pauses between turns also have significance.
Turn-taking mechanisms vary between cultures and between languages.
Efficient turn taking involve also factors which are not linguistics: * Eye Contact; * Body position and movement; * Intonation and volume.
The relative status of the speaker, or the role he is playing also is important. (Students fall silent when the professor speaks – in the bar as well as the seminar)
Turn types
Adjacency Pairs: occurs when the utterance of one speaker makes a particular kind of response very likely.
If the expected response is ignored we are likely to interpret this somehow: as rudeness, deafness or lack of attention.
In adjacency pair usually we have two choices, a preferred response or a dispreferred response. * Offer: Acceptance(preferred) or Refusal(dispreferred) * Assessment: Agreement (preferred) or Disagreement (dispreferred) * Blame: Denial (preferred) or Admission (dispreferred) * Question: Expected Answer (preferred) or Unexpected Answer (dispreferred)
Insertion Sequence: When a second part of an adjacency pair can be delayed by and alternation of turns occurring within it. Usually is intimately related to the main sequence.
A: Did you enjoy the meal?
B: Did you?
A: Yes.
B: So did I.