biomineração

Da descoberta dos micro-organismos oxidantes de minérios à técnica de biomineração (uma estratégica de recuperação de resíduos antes descartados)
The discovery of microorganisms oxidizing ore technique biomining (a strategic waste recovery discarded before)
Polliana Peixoto de Morais¹*, Maykon Ferreira Gomes², Douglas Bordignon².
¹Acadêmico (a) graduanda em Engenahria de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, na Universidade Federal de Tocantins, campus gurupi.
Universidade Federal de Tocantins. Campus Acadêmico de Gurupi, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Zona Rural.
ABSTRAT
Biomining, uses micro-organisms to retrieve the precious base metal ores and concentrates. Techniques have been developed to replace the conventional physico-chemical methods for this biotechnological process. For that underwent several studies on microbial consortia that will employ the oxidation of the ores. The biomining is also called bioleaching due to the action of acidophilic bacteria and autotrophic iron that can be used in the mining industries to extract iron, sulfur, copper, uranium and gold. The bioleaching is set for three types of operations, namely: bioleaching in heaps, on hills and tank agitators. Several studies have been carried contributing to the study of micro-organisms used in biomining. The study of the characteristics, physiology and genomics of microorganisms are of paramount importance to the realization of bio-mining process, but also to control the whole process. Genetic engineering compared genomes of other heterotrophic bacteria that can also perform the same activities as those already used. The mesophilic species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans are the first bacteria used in bio-mining systems. This strategy has been used by the mining company Vale, as well as several others around the world. It works with the ore recovery from the chalcopyrite using microorganisms oxidizing iron and sulfur, mainly