Tempos verbais

tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words
Simple Present A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?  action in the present taking place once, never or several times
 facts
 actions taking place one after another
 action set by a timetable or schedule always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
Present Progressive A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?  action taking place in the moment of speaking
 action taking place only for a limited period of time
 action arranged for the future at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Simple Past A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?  action in the past taking place once, never or several times
 actions taking place one after another
 action taking place in the middle of another action yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?  action going on at a certain time in the past
 actions taking place at the same time
 action in the past that is interrupted by another action when, while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?  putting emphasis on the result
 action that is still going on
 action that stopped recently
 finished action that has an influence on the present
 action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking?  putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
 action that recently stopped or is still going on
 finished action that influenced the present all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect