Inglês

Verb Descriptions and Tense Formations in brief

1- Simple Past Tense

A. Description: The Simple Past Tense is used to describe something that happened in the past and was completed at some time in the past. Examples in English include: I went, she wrote, we ate, etc. B. Formation in Persian:

1. Take the infinitive (ex: to go = /ræftænرفتن ) 2. Drop “ن” from the ending (ex: رفت /ræft/) to get the infinitive root. 3. Add the following endings:

ما رفتیم /ma: ræftim/ = we went|من رفتم /mæn ræftæm/ = I went|
شما رفتید /shoma: ræftid/ = you went|تو رفتی /to ræftæti/ = you went| آنها رفتند/a:nha: ræftænd/ = they went| او رفت /u: ræft/ = he/she went|

C. Formation of Negative: To form the negative in the Simple Past Tense, place “ن” in front of the verb.
Example: من نرفتم /mæn næræftæm/ = I didn’t go

2- Present Perfect (also called Past Indefinite) Tense.

A. Description: The Present Perfect (Past Indefinite) is used to describe something that happened in the past and has continued till now. Examples in English include: a. I have seen her. (it means that I saw her at a certain time in the past but I still remember her.)

B. Formation:

1. Take the infinitive (ex: to go = /ræftæn/رفتن ) 2. Drop “ن” from the ending (ex: رفت) to get the infinitive root. 3. Add ه ا to the ending of the infinitive root. (ex: رفت ه ا ) 4. Add the following endings:

Note that the final endings are the same as for the Simple Past Tense except for the third person singular “او ” which changes to است"”

ما رفت ه ا یم ما رفته ایم =|من رفت ه ا م = من رفته ام|
شما رفت ه ا ید = شما رفته اید|تو رفت ه ا ی تو رفته ای =|
آنها رفت ه ا ند = آنها رفته اند| او رفت ه ا ست = او رفته است|

F. Formation of Negative: To form the negative in the Present Perfect (Past Indefinite) Tense, place “ن” in front of the verb.
Example: من نرفت