Inglish

ENGLISH 5

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

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Dear student This grammar reference is meant to help you organize the knowledge you gain in class. Listed you will find the Topic, and between parenthesis you will find the unit where it first appears in your book. Related topics will be grouped together

INDEX TOPIC PRESENT PERFECT • Present Perfect (unit 1)…………………………….............. • Present perfect with ever and already (unit 2)……............. • Present perfect with just (unit 3)………………….............. • Present perfect with yet (unit 4)……………………............ • Present Perfect with never (unit 5)…………………........... • Present Perfect with for (unit 7)……………………........... • Present Perfect with since (unit 8)…………………............ Noun + Noun as adjectives (unit 6)………………...................... MODAL VERBS • May for permission (unit 3)……………………….............. • Might for possibility (unit 4)………………………............. • Could and should+ present perfect (unit 6 and 7)…............. • Must + present perfect (unit 9)……………………............. • May and might + present perfect (unit 11)…………........... Someone, anyone, and no one (unit 9)……………..................... Past perfect (unit 10)………………………………..................... If clause (unit 12)………………………………….......................

3 5 7 9 11 13 13 15 17 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

Appendix 1 – Irregular verbs…………………………………….. 31 Appendix 2 A) Active verb tenses……………………………...……………… 34 B) Time clues and verb tense………………………...…………… 35

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Present Perfect HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE I We You They have finished ´ve stopped have studied not slept haven’t I finished? we stopped? Have you studied? they slept?

past participle

has finished He ‘s stopped She has not studied It hasn’t slept

Has

he she it

finished? stopped? studied? slept?

………………………………………………………………………… Past Participle Regular verbs: infin. form + ed (e.g. finish + ed = finished) Irregular verbs: see list of irregular verbs in Appendix I. ………………………………………………………………………… We use the present