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Home > 20 The Endocrine System > ENDOCRINE PANCREAS > DIABETES MELLITUS | DIABETES MELLITUS | Body_ID: HC020063 | Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease entity but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or, most commonly, both. The chronic hyperglycemia and attendant metabolic dysregulation of diabetes mellitus may be associated with secondary damage in multiple organ systems, especially the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. Diabetes affects an estimated 21 million people in the United States (or nearly 7% of the population), as many as a third of whom are undiagnosed. Diabetes is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, adult-onset blindness, and nontraumatic lower extremity amputations in the United States, underscoring the impact of this disease on the burden of health care costs. It also greatly increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. In concert with great technologic advances, there have been pronounced changes in human behavior, with increasingly sedentary life styles and poor eating habits. This has contributed to the simultaneous escalation of diabetes and obesity worldwide, which some have termed the "diabesity" epidemic. | Body_ID: P020103 | Diagnosis | Body_ID: HC020064 | Blood glucose levels are normally maintained in a very narrow range, usually 70 to 120 mg/dL. The diagnosis of diabetes is established by elevation of blood glucose by any one of three criteria: 1. A random blood glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL or higher, with classical signs and symptoms (discussed below) 2. A fasting glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL or higher on more than one occasion, or 3. An abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in which the