Apostila sql
1
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Introdução ____________________________________________________ 4
1.1
Conceito de Banco de Dados _________________________________ 4
1.2
Comandos SQL ____________________________________________ 5
1.3
Tipos de Dados ____________________________________________ 5
1.3.1
Regras de Nomenclatura e Escrita __________________________ 5
1.3.2
Tipos Comuns __________________________________________ 6
1.3.3
Tipos Definidos Pelo Usuário _______________________________ 6
1.3.4
Variáveis _______________________________________________ 7
1.4
1.5
2
Tipos de Objetos ___________________________________________ 7
Batch e Script ______________________________________________ 7
Consultas Básicas _____________________________________________ 9
2.1
SELECT...FROM ____________________________________________ 9
2.1.1
SELECT DISTINCT ______________________________________ 9
2.1.2
CASE...WHEN...THEN…END _____________________________ 10
2.2
WHERE __________________________________________________ 10
2.2.1
Filtragem de Strings _____________________________________ 11
2.2.2
Operador IN ___________________________________________ 11
2.2.3
Operadores e Precedência _______________________________ 11
2.3
2.4
ORDER BY _______________________________________________ 12
2.5
3
ALIAS ___________________________________________________ 12
TOP...WITH TIES __________________________________________ 12
Agrupando Dados _____________________________________________ 14
3.1
3.2
GROUP BY _______________________________________________ 14
3.3
4
Funções de Agregação _____________________________________ 14
HAVING __________________________________________________ 15
Consultas com Múltiplas Tabelas ________________________________ 16
4.1
4.2
LEFT/RIGHT JOIN _________________________________________ 17
4.3
FULL JOIN