Instrumentação geral

Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation
By Tony R. Kuphaldt Version 0.2 – Released September 29, 2008

i c 2008, Tony R. Kuphaldt This book is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 3.0. To view a copy of this license, turn to page 631. The terms and conditions of this license allow for free copying, distribution, and/or modification of all licensed works by the general public. Revision history1 • Version 0.1 – July to September 2008 (initial development) • Version 0.2 – released September 29, 2008 for Fall quarter student use

1 Version numbers ending in odd digits are developmental (e.g. 0.7, 1.23, 4.5), with only the latest revision made accessible to the public. Version numbers ending in even digits (e.g. 0.6, 1.0, 2.14) are considered “public-release” and will be archived. Version numbers beginning with zero (e.g. 0.1, 0.2, etc.) represent incomplete editions lacking major chapters or topic coverage.

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Contents
Preface 1 Physics 1.1 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Metric prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Unit conversions and physical constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Conversion formulae for temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.2 Conversion factors for distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 Conversion factors for volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.4 Conversion factors for velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.5 Conversion factors for mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.6 Conversion factors for force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.7 Conversion factors for area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.8 Conversion factors for pressure (either all gauge or all absolute) 1.3.9 Conversion factors for pressure (absolute pressure units only) . 1.3.10 Conversion factors for energy or work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.11 Conversion factors for power . .