Aircraft

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International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 37 (2007) 845–854 www.elsevier.com/locate/ergon

Physical workload of flight attendants when pushing and pulling trolleys aboard aircraft
Ulrich Glitscha,Ã, Hans Jurgen Ottersbacha, Rolf Ellegasta, Karlheinz Schaubb, ¨ Gerhard Franzc, Matthias Jagerd ¨ a BGIA-Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Alte HeerstraX e 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany Institute of Ergonomics, Darmstadt University of Technology, PetersenstraX e 30, 64827 Darmstadt, Germany c Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Vehicle Operating Trades in Germany, Ottenser HauptstraX e 54, 22765 Hamburg, Germany d Institute for Occupational Physiology at the University of Dortmund, ArdeystraX e 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany b

Available online 13 August 2007

Abstract The musculoskeletal loads from moving trolleys aboard aircraft were assessed by observation of trolley handling on planes and by physical workload analyses of pushing and pulling of trolleys in a laboratory set up. Trolley handling by a total of 15 female flight attendants was observed on 10 short- and medium-distance flights in different types of aircraft. About 25 selected flight attendants (22 females; 3 males) of five German airlines took part in the laboratory study, which comprised three-dimensional (3D) measurements of posture and hand forces during pushing and pulling of trolleys in a variety of configurations. From the on-flight observations performed, between 150 and 250 trolley movements can be projected for a work shift. The greatest physical workload is to be expected at the beginning of service: The trolleys are fully laden then, and the cabin floor can still be inclined up to 81, as the aircraft is still climbing, particularly on short-distance flights. The laboratory investigation revealed that the musculoskeletal workload from pushing and pulling depends essentially on the trolley load and on the gradient of the cabin

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