Russian

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements Abbreviations 0.1 Location and number of speakers 0.2 Brief overview of the Russian literary language 0.3 Dialects 1. Phonology 1.1 Orthography 1.2 Phonemic inventory 1.3. Vowels and Prosody 1.4 Consonants 1.5 Morphophonemic alternations 1.6 Pronunciations variants of CSR in Moscow and St. Petersburg 1.7 Tongue twisters and diction 2. Morphology 2.1 Inflectional morphology 2.2 Declension 2.3 Indeclinable Nouns 2.4 Other declensional desinences: singular 2.5 Declensional desinences: plural 2.6 Formation of the Genitive Plural 2.7 The semantics of the Russian case system 2.8 Adjectives 2.9 Pronouns 2.10 Numerals 2.11 Time expressions 2.12 Nondeclinables: Adverbs and prepositions 2.13 Derivational Morphology 2.14 Verbs 3. Syntax 3.1 Syntax and syntactic categories 3.2 Conditionals/Hypotheticals 3.3 Grammatical particles 3.4 Verbal government 3.5 Impersonal constructions 3.6 Proverbs and collocations 3.7 Use of profanity in CSR Bibliography 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 8 9 13 17 20 21 22 22 24 29 30 31 32 34 41 49 56 62 64 67 82 123 123 123 124 125 125 127 127 129

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Acknowledgements
This project would not have been possible without the reviews and criticisms of several respected colleagues, including Ron Feldstein, Elena Maksimova and Irina Guliakova. My special thanks to Troy Williams for his assistance in editing, glossing and preparing a camera-ready manuscript.

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Abbreviations
A adj adv anim arc C CSR CSCR D f, fem G I inan L m, masc N n, neut pl sg V n/s PPP Ø // [] {} '' accusative adjective adverb animate archaic consonant Contemporary Standard Russian Contemporary Standard Colloquial Russian dative feminine genitive instrumental inanimate locative masculine nominative neuter plural singular vowel non-syllabic past passive participle zero desinence phonemic transcription phonetic transcription morphophonemic and morphological transcription English glosses

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0. Socio- and geolinguistic situation
0.1 Location and number