Lng technology, s madhavan

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LNG Technology
Dr. S. Madhavan
Global Director, Plant Services (Retd.) Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR), Inc. Houston, TX, USA

Presented in Dehra Dun 09 August 2010

Natural Gas Utilization
• Distribution by Pipeline • Liquefaction and Regasification • Compressed gas (CNG)

or
• • • • Conversion to Liquid Hydrocarbons Conversion to Methanol Conversion to Fertilizer Conversion to Electric Power

The Hydrocarbon Trend
Hydrocarbon Ratio of Primary Energy
4 3 H/C 2 1 0 1700 1800 1900 Century 2000 2100

Stranded Gas and Major Consumer Markets

Legend
Stranded Gas Major Markets

Relative Costs of Gas Transportation
Pipeline vs. LNG
$5.00 $ /M M B T U $4.00 $3.00 $2.00 $1.00 $0.00 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 MILES Offshore Pipeline Onshore Pipeline LNG 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

How not to transport gas !!

How not to transport gas !!

LNG Technology

Typical Natural Gas Composition
Typical Composition at Inlet of LNG Plant
1.0 - 2.0 % 85.0 - 95.0 % 5.0 - 10.0 % 2.0 - 5.0 % 2.0 - 3.0 % 1.0 - 4.0 % Trace: Nitrogen Methane Ethane - - Feedstock for Ethylene Propane Total Butane+ Carbon Dioxide H2S, Hg, R-SH, COS
LPG
Petrochemical Feedstock

LNG
Liquefied Natural Gas

- 161oC !!

Typical LNG Product Specifications
Component
• Carbon Dioxide • Mercury • Nitrogen • Water Vapor • Benzene • Ethane • Propane • Butane • Pentane and heavier • High Heating Value

Limits (maximum)
50 ppm 0.01 micrograms per normal m3 1 mol% 1 ppmv 1 ppmv < 6 – 8 mol% (Feedstock for Ethylene!) LPG < 3 mol% Petrochemical < 2 mol% Feedstock < 0.1 mol% =1050 Btu/SCF (Europe and USA) up to 1140 Btu/SCF (East Asia)

LNG Train Capacities
Train capacities
• • • • • • • • Camel Plant, Algeria - 1964 - 0.4 MTPA Sonatrach LNG, Algeria - 1970’s - 1.0 - 1.4 MTPA Malaysia LNG (Satu), Bintulu - 1983 - 2.6 MTPA Bontang LNG Trains - 1980’s-90’s - 1.6-3.0 MTPA Woodside LNG - 1980’s-90’s - 2.2 - 4.2 MTPA SEGAS LNG - 2004 - 5.0 MTPA Qatargas LNG, Qatar - 2007 -

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