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2ND EDITION

ARMSTRONG’S HANDBOOK

OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

A guide to managing for results

Michael Armstrong

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ARMSTRONG’S HANDBOOK
OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

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ARMSTRONG’S HANDBOOK
OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
2ND EDITION

A guide to managing for results

Michael Armstrong

London and Philadelphia

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Publisher’s note Every possible effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate at the time of going to press, and the publishers and author cannot accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting, or refraining from action, as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by the editor, the publisher or the author. First published in Great Britain and the United States in 2005 by Kogan Page Limited Second edition 2009 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licences issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned addresses: 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN United Kingdom www.koganpage.com © Michael Armstrong and Tina Stephens, 2005 © Michael Armstrong, 2009 The right of Michael Armstrong to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. ISBN 978 0 7494 5417 3 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Armstrong,